Protocols

Find a protocol, step-by-step.

Curated methods for bacteriophage work — from sample collection to sequencing and bioinformatics.

Latest protocols

18 protocols found.

Immunogold labeling transmission electron microscopy images of phages
Protocol

Bacteriophage purification by CsCl density gradient

January 4, 2026 Purification Wet bench

Overview After PEG precipitation, bacteriophages can be further purified using a caesium chloride (CsCl) density gradient, which separates intact virions from host…

SM buffer bottle
Protocol v1.0

Bacteriophage precipitation using PEG (PEG/NaCl method)

January 4, 2026 Bulking Wet bench

Purpose Concentrate bacteriophages from a cleared lysate using PEG (polyethylene glycol) + NaCl, then resuspend as a smaller-volume, higher-titer phage prep. Safety…

Phage induction by using mitomycin C
Protocol

Prophage Induction Using Mitomycin C

January 7, 2024

Prophages are integrated viral genomes that reside within bacterial chromosomes, remaining dormant until triggered by various environmental stimuli. One of the most…

Sleeping bacteriophage just before induction
Protocol

Lysogenic to lytic cycle: Bacteriophage Induction

August 18, 2023

Bacteriophages, particularly template phages, have developed sophisticated tactics for breaching bacterial defenses and binding to the bacterial genome. Within their hosts, they…

Phage plaques on plate
Protocol

Bacteriophages isolation and purification

February 7, 2023

Bacteriophages, commonly known as phages, are viruses that infect bacteria. The double agar method is used to isolate and purify phages from…

Phage quantification schematic diagram
Protocol

Counting phages: Serial dilution technique

February 5, 2023

Bacteriophage serial dilution is a reliable and widely used laboratory technique that enables scientists to accurately determine the concentration of bacteriophages (phages)…

Protocol

Techniques to evaluate bacteriophage killing

January 30, 2023

Bacteriophages are viruses that are particularly reliant on their bacterial hosts’ metabolic activity to copy their genetic material and produce the proteins…